Footnotes 1. In Jan., after protracted negotiations, Clough accepted, with misgivings, appointment as principal of University Hall, London, beginning
in Oct. For the first three months of the year he based himself at his mother's home in Liverpool and was often in Manchester, where
he called on the Jewsburys and Espinasse. Clough was apprehensive about settling in London. His sister, Anne, who was attending
a teachers' training school in London, wrote in her journal: “People seem very fond of Arthur … , but Arthur does not seem
to mind much about people here; they don't seem to suit him exactly. … He does not appear at all to fancy coming to live in
London. He says he prefers the North, and if he had a hundred a year, he would live in Liverpool with us” (B. A. Clough, A Memoir of Anne Jemima Clough [1903] 73). Espinasse says that “the state of painful transition both of mind and circumstances, in which he then found himself,
predisposed him to even more than his constitutional taciturnity” (363).
2. James Anthony Froude (1818–94; DNB), historian, biographer, and man of letters; educ. at Westminster and Oriel College, Oxford; B.A., 1842; fellow of Exeter College, 1842; wrote a life of St. Neot for J. H. Newman's Lives of the English Saints (1844). Like many of his Oxford companions, he was strongly influenced by reading TC, finding that “I was no longer referred to
books and distant centuries but to present facts and to the world in which I lived and breathed” (autobiographical frag. in
W. H. Dunn, James Anthony Froude, A Biography [Oxford, 1961] 1:72). Although he had taken deacon's orders in the Church of England on accepting his fellowship, he began to question
his faith. He was influenced by Emerson on his Oxford visit at Clough's invitation, April 1848, and in Clough's company he attended one of Emerson's lectures in London, where he first saw TC. He had also heard much of
TC through his cousin James Spedding (Froude's mother was b. Margaret Spedding) and through Clough, but did not meet him till
June. This is TC's first mention of Froude.
3. He was visiting Charles Kingsley at Ilfracombe, Devonshire, and here met Mrs. Kingsley's sister, Charlotte Maria Grenfell
(d. 1860), whom he was to marry in Oct. Clough had been friendly with Froude at Oxford and had also resigned his fellowship, a few months earlier, for similar reasons.
TC refers to Kingsley as “young Kingsley” to distinguish him from his father, Charles (1781–1860), the Carlyles' neighbor and rector of St. Luke's, Chelsea.
4. Robert Hurrell Froude (1771–1859), archdeacon of Totness, 1820–59. The eldest son, Richard Hurrell Froude (1803–36), had been a prominent Tractarian. William Froude (1810–79; DNB), engineer and naval architect, was the oldest surviving son.
5. Some influential sympathizers, including Bunsen and Milnes, subscribed to a fund for Froude to study theology at a German
university. Weary of the subject, he declined.
6. Bruno Bauer (1809–82), German theologian and historian. Previously a teacher of theology in Berlin and Bonn, he had his license revoked, 1842, for unorthodoxy. He was to publish, 1850–52, several works critical of the Gospels and their origin.
7. The cigar case that Clough was to take to Mazzini. Anne Clough collected it from Cheyne Row, 3 April, and was disappointed not to see TC (Memoir 75). Before taking up his appointment, Clough set out for Rome, 4 April, to witness the fate of the Roman republic. His Amours de Voyage (1849) was the poetic result.
9. “Lonesome, lonesome, that I am not; / Because the spirits of my beloved ones, / Who are dead and gone, / Surround me.” Untraced.
R. L. Tarr and F. McClelland, The Collected Poems of Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle (Greenwood, Fla., 1986) 194, ascribe it tentatively to TC.
10. In a parliamentary debate on the Irish poor law, Sir Robert spoke, 30 March, on the ills afflicting Ireland and possible remedies the govt. might take. The famine had not created but exposed the realities
of the Irish problem. What was wrong, he argued, was the defective social and economic structure of the Irish nation: impoverished
laborers, struggling small landholders, and debt-ridden, inefficient estates. A few good harvest years would only distract
attention from the causes of Ireland's ills. What was needed, in addition to govt. supervision of poor law unions and support
for public works and emigration, was improvement of landed estates and a shift from subsistence farming to large-scale agriculture.
A govt. commission could take over insolvent estates, arrange for more efficient management, and possibly be the instrument
for transferring property from one class of proprietors to another. In conclusion, he stated that Parliament ought to act
because a sick Ireland affected the health of all Britain (N. Gash, Sir Robert Peel [1972] 642).
11. I.e., in London and not at Addiscombe.
12. Robert Alsop, chemist, 15 Sloane Sq.
